Managing Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Prevention and Treatment Tips
Why Does Chemotherapy Cause Nausea and Vomiting?
Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is one of the most distressing side effects for cancer patients. It occurs because many chemotherapy drugs affect areas in the brain and gut that trigger the vomiting reflex. If left unmanaged, it can lead to dehydration, poor nutrition, and reduced quality of life.
Types of Chemotherapy-Related Nausea
- Acute Nausea: Occurs within the first 24 hours after chemotherapy.
- Delayed Nausea: Starts more than 24 hours after treatment, often peaking around 48–72 hours.
- Anticipatory Nausea: Triggered by sights, smells, or thoughts of chemotherapy, due to previous negative experiences.
- Breakthrough Nausea: Nausea that occurs despite medication.
- Refractory Nausea: Continues after multiple treatment cycles despite prevention efforts.
Preventing Nausea: What Your Oncologist May Prescribe
Modern anti-nausea regimens have significantly reduced the severity and frequency of CINV. Depending on your chemotherapy regimen, your doctor may recommend:
- 5-HT3 antagonists (e.g., ondansetron, granisetron)
- NK1 receptor antagonists (e.g., aprepitant, fosaprepitant)
- Dexamethasone (a corticosteroid that enhances other antiemetics)
- Olanzapine (especially effective in high-emetogenic regimens)
These are often given in combination and tailored based on the emetogenic potential of your chemotherapy and your personal risk factors.
How to Treat Ongoing or Breakthrough Nausea
If nausea persists despite initial medications, doctors may adjust or add treatments. Options include:
- Changing the antiemetic drug class
- Adding agents like lorazepam, metoclopramide, or olanzapine
- Addressing other causes such as constipation or reflux
Home Remedies and Lifestyle Tips
- Eat small, frequent meals instead of large ones
- Avoid greasy, spicy, or strong-smelling foods
- Stay hydrated—try ginger tea, electrolyte drinks, or lemon water
- Keep your surroundings cool and well-ventilated
- Use relaxation techniques like deep breathing or meditation
When to Call Your Doctor
Severe or persistent vomiting can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Call your oncology team if you:
- Cannot keep fluids down for more than 24 hours
- Have signs of dehydration (dizziness, dry mouth, low urine)
- Have worsening nausea despite medications
Which Doctors Can Help?
Start with your Oncology provider, who will adjust your antiemetic regimen. If symptoms persist, Gastroenterology or Supportive Care specialists may be consulted.
Conclusion
Chemotherapy-induced nausea can be distressing, but it is preventable and treatable in most cases. Early planning, the right medication regimen, and supportive strategies can greatly improve your comfort and quality of life during treatment.
For more information, visit:
