New Reference: 9-Year Results for Adjuvant Nivolumab in Melanoma

Nivolumab showed a longer recurrence-free and distant metastasis-free survival compared to ipilimumab at 9 years in patients with resected stage III or IV melanoma. The overall survival was similar between the groups. There were no new late adverse events reported.

  • Study

    Randomized, double-blind, phase 3 trial [CheckMate 238, NCT02388906]
    Resected stage IIIB-C or IV melanoma
    Nivolumab (n=453) vs Ipilimumab (n=453)



  • Efficacy

    9-yr RFS: 44% vs 37% (HR 0.76 [0.63-0.90]).
    9-yr distant metastasis-free survival: 54% vs 48% (HR 0.81 [0.65-1.00]).
    9-yr OS: 69% vs 65% (HR 0.88 [0.69-1.11]).



  • Safety

    No new late adverse events reported.
    Rates of death from melanoma at 9 years: 26% vs 30%.


  • N Engl J Med. Published online October 18, 2025

    Ascierto PA, Del Vecchio M, Merelli B New Reference: 9-Year Results for Adjuvant Nivolumab in Melanoma

    http://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2504966

    Reviewed by Ulas D. Bayraktar, MD on Nov 14, 2025

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